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FIRE Calculator

Financial Independence Calculator

Estimate your FIRE number, years to retirement, and projected retirement age based on your income, expenses, and investment assumptions.

Your Finances

years old
pre-tax
$
post-tax
$
invested / year
$
invested assets
$

Rate Assumptions

7.0%
1%7% historical avg15%
3.0%
0%3% typical10%
4.0%
1%4% rule10%

Projected Retirement Age

53years old

22.6 years from today

Your FIRE number based on a 4% withdrawal rate is:

$1,000,000

Current Portfolio
5.0%$50,000
Remaining Gap
95.0%$950,000
Annual Withdrawal
4% rule$40,000
Progress to FIRE
5% funded5%
Years to FIRE22.6 yr

Portfolio Growth Projection

Portfolio value
FIRE target

How to use this calculator

To get started, enter the following information:

  1. 1

    Enter your current age and annual income

    Start with your current age — this determines your projected FIRE age. Annual income is used to estimate your savings rate and contributions.

  2. 2

    Set your annual expenses

    Enter what you spend per year today. This is the most important input: your FIRE number is a direct multiple of your annual expenses. Lower expenses = smaller FIRE number = earlier retirement.

  3. 3

    Add your current portfolio value

    Enter the total value of all your investment accounts (401k, IRA, brokerage, etc.). A higher starting balance dramatically reduces your years to FIRE.

  4. 4

    Enter your annual contributions

    How much do you invest each year? This is your savings after expenses. Combined with your starting balance and return rate, this determines how fast your portfolio grows.

  5. 5

    Adjust return and inflation assumptions

    The default 7% nominal return and 3% inflation (4% real return) reflect long-run US stock market averages. Adjust these to model conservative or optimistic scenarios.

  6. 6

    Read your results

    The calculator instantly shows your FIRE number, years to FIRE, projected FIRE age, and a portfolio growth chart. Adjust any input to see how it changes your timeline.

Use your results

FIRE Number

Annual expenses ÷ withdrawal rate. At 4%, your FIRE number is 25× your annual spending — the portfolio needed to retire indefinitely.

Years to FIRE

How many years until your portfolio reaches your FIRE number at your current contribution rate and real return.

FIRE Age

Your current age plus years to FIRE — the earliest projected retirement age under your current assumptions.

Remaining Gap

The difference between your target FIRE number and your current portfolio value. How much you still need to accumulate.

How the FIRE Calculator works

The calculator uses two core formulas. First, your FIRE number is annual expenses divided by your withdrawal rate. The 4% withdrawal rate comes from the Trinity Study (Bengen, 1994), which found a diversified portfolio historically sustained 4% annual withdrawals for 30+ years.

FIRE Number = Annual Expenses ÷ Withdrawal Rate

Example: $40,000 ÷ 0.04 = $1,000,000

Then it projects your portfolio growth using the future value of an annuity — accounting for starting balance, contributions, and inflation-adjusted return.

Portfolio = P(1+r)ⁿ + C × [(1+r)ⁿ − 1] / r

P = starting portfolio · r = real return · n = years · C = annual contributions

Real vs. nominal returns

Uses a real return (nominal minus inflation) so all values are in today's dollars. 7% nominal − 3% inflation = 4% real return.

Inflation-adjusted FIRE number

Your FIRE number is constant in today's dollars. The projection accounts for inflation so the chart shows real purchasing-power values.

Contributions assumption

Annual contributions are assumed constant. Re-run the calculator as your income or savings rate changes.

No sequence-of-returns risk

This uses a constant rate. Real portfolios vary year-to-year. For a conservative estimate, reduce your expected return by 1–2%.

Examples of best usage scenarios

The Standard Path — Sarah, 32

Age
32
Annual Expenses
$50,000 / yr
Current Portfolio
$75,000
FIRE Age
54
Years to FIRE
22 years

The Aggressive Saver — Marcus, 28

Age
28
Annual Expenses
$35,000 / yr
Current Portfolio
$20,000
FIRE Age
41
Years to FIRE
13 years

The Late Starter — Jennifer, 45

Age
45
Annual Expenses
$55,000 / yr
Current Portfolio
$150,000
FIRE Age
65
Years to FIRE
20 years

Sarah reaches FIRE at 54 on a moderate savings rate. Marcus achieves extreme early retirement at 41 by keeping expenses at $35k on a $110k income — a 50%+ savings rate. Jennifer reaches traditional retirement at 65, but increasing contributions to $40k/year would bring her FIRE age below 60.

Frequently asked questions

What is a FIRE number?+

Your FIRE number is the total investment portfolio needed to retire and live off investment returns indefinitely. It equals your annual expenses divided by your safe withdrawal rate. At the 4% rule, your FIRE number is 25 times your annual spending — $40,000/year requires $1,000,000.

What withdrawal rate should I use?+

The 4% rate is the most widely-used starting point, supported by the Trinity Study (Bengen, 1994). For retirements lasting 40–50 years — common for early retirees — consider 3–3.5% to reduce sequence-of-returns risk.

What return rate should I assume?+

A 7% nominal return is commonly used based on long-run US stock market averages. Combined with 3% inflation, this gives a 4% real return. For conservative projections, use 5–6% nominal.

Does this calculator account for inflation?+

Yes. The calculator computes a real return rate (nominal minus inflation). All results are expressed in today's purchasing power.

Is the 4% rule still valid?+

Research supports it as a reasonable starting point for 30-year retirements. For longer retirements, 3–3.5% may be safer. Use the withdrawal rate slider to model different scenarios.

Should I include home equity?+

Generally no — the FIRE number refers to liquid investment assets that generate returns. A paid-off home reduces expenses but doesn't produce portfolio income.

How does savings rate affect my timeline?+

It's the most powerful variable. Moving from 20% to 50% savings rate can cut your years to FIRE nearly in half — you build wealth faster and need a smaller FIRE number (lower expenses).

What about taxes?+

This calculator does not model taxes. Tax-advantaged accounts (401k, IRA, Roth) have different treatment. Consult a financial advisor for a full tax-aware model.

Next steps for your FIRE journey

Find your exact FIRE number

Use the FIRE Number Calculator to focus specifically on your retirement target — and see a savings table for reaching it in 10–30 years.

Calculate your Coast FIRE number

Find the lump sum you need invested today so compound growth alone carries you to FIRE — no more contributions needed.

See how your savings rate drives your timeline

The Savings Rate Calculator shows exactly how much earlier you retire as your savings rate increases.

Stress-test your withdrawal strategy

Use the 4% Rule Calculator to model how long your portfolio lasts at different withdrawal rates and portfolio sizes.

Other FIRE calculators

FIRE Number Calculator

Focus specifically on your target portfolio based on annual spending.

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Coast FIRE Calculator

Find when compound interest alone will carry you to retirement.

Savings Rate Calculator

See how your savings rate maps to years until financial independence.

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4% Rule Calculator

Calculate safe annual withdrawals from any portfolio size.

Compound Interest Calculator

Visualize how investments grow with regular contributions.

Disclaimer: This calculator is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute financial, investment, or tax advice. All projections are estimates based on hypothetical scenarios — actual returns vary and past performance does not guarantee future results. Consult a qualified financial advisor before making investment decisions.